JOINT SERVICES CONFERENCE ON PROFESSIONAL ETHICS
2004
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
The Status of Noncombatants
THE CONFERENCE
JSCOPE 2004
attracted nearly 200 participants at the Hilton Springfield Hotel in
Brigadier
General Charles Dunlap,
CAPT
This meeting
saw our inaugural undergraduate panel.
It was a very successful beginning.
THE PAPERS
The program
and the actual papers presented appear elsewhere on the JSCOPE Web page. The authors are listed below for your
convenience.
Noncombatants: Rights and Responsibilities
“Terrorism and Response: A Moral Inquiry into the Killing of Noncombatants”
Dr. Camillo C. Bica, School of Visual Arts
“Nonlethal Weapons and Noncombatant Immunity: Can We Ever Justify Attacking Noncombatants?”
Captain Christopher Mayer,
Noncombatants and Increased Risk to Soldiers
“The Ethics of Complex Contingencies: Operation IRAQI FREEDOM”
Lieutenant Colonel Tony Pfaff,
“On the Moral Importance of Noncombatants”
Major Michael Carlino,
“Are there Noncombatants in MOOTW and Homeland Security Activities?”
Dr. Eric Wingrove-Haugland,
Some New Ideas about Right Intention
“Warfare, Hell, and the Best Intentions: Getting Rid of Right Intentions as a Jus ad Bellum Criterion”
Captain Marc O. Hedahl,
“Giving Right Intention Its Due”
Major Charles McIntyre,
“Double Effect, Double Intention, and Asymmetric Warfare”
Dr. Steven Lee, Visiting Fellow,
Intersections of Morality in War and the Law
Lieutenant Colonel Jeffrey S. Wilson,
Lieutenant Keith Ryan, USCG
“The Maritime War on Terror and the Rights of Neutrals: In Need of a Course Change”
Midshipman Frank
Jus ad Bellum: Protecting Noncombatants and the Causes of War
“War on Behalf of Noncombatants?”
Lieutenant Commander John D. Carlson, USNR,
“Worthy and Unworthy Wars: A Critique of Just War Reasoning”
Dr. Tim Challans, US Army Command and
“Protecting the Innocent and Intervention”
Dr. Stephen D. Wrage,
“Protecting Noncombatants from Biological Weapons: The Rights and Obligations of States”
Captain Michael W. Brough,
Jus in
“Moral Obligations to a Modern Enemy: The Combatant/Noncombatant Distinction in Light of Terrorism”
Cadet First Class Brandon B. Cole,
“Five Steps to Noncombatant Protection”
Dr. Pauline M. Kaurin,
“Engaging Noncombatants and the Use or Moral Imagination”
Ms. Julia Ragatz,
“From Three to One: “Rethinking the ‘Three-Block War’ and Humanitarian Operations in Combat”
Dr. Reuben E. Brigety II,
Jus in
“Beyond Precision: Issues of Morality and Decision Making in Minimizing Collateral Causalities”
Lieutenant Colonel Dwight A. Roblyer, USAF, National Defense
Fellow,
“The Moral Case for Improved Technology, Training and Intelligence”
Mr. Michael Skerker,
Lieutenant Colonel Tim Cathcart, USAF, National Guard Bureau Staff
Jus in
“May the Well-Being of Noncombatants be Directly Attacked as a Tool of War?”
Dr. Robert G. Kennedy,
“Countervalue Nuclear Warfare: The Limit Case of Noncombatant Immunity”
Lieutenant Colonel John Mark Mattox,
“Noncombatant Immunity and Truman’s Decision”
Dr. Richard Schoonhoven,
Jus in
Dr. Davida Kellogg,
“The Ethics of Assassination: When are Political Leaders Legitimate Targets?”
Dr. Whitley R. P. Kaufman, University of Massachusetts-Lowell
“Applying the Rules of Just War Theory to Engineers in the Arms Industry”
Dr. Aaron Fichtelberg,
“Intelligence Collection Efforts and the Combatant/Noncombatant Distinction: Permissions and Prohibitions on Information Gathering”
Major William D. Casebeer,
JSCOPE Undergraduate Panel
“A Moral Analysis of the Impact of War’s Destruction of
Civil Services on Noncombatants:
Midshipman John Pierczynski,
“Do We Need to Reinterpret Combatant/Noncombatant Distinctions for Extended Occupational Forces Acting in an Empire-Like Capacity?”
Midshipman Tyson Meadors,
“Double Effect”
Midshipman A.S. Martin,
THE BUSINESS MEETING
The members of
the JSCOPE Executive Board for 2004-2005 are as follows:
Dr. Bill
Rhodes,
USAF Representative and Chairman
LTC Daniel
Department of English
Dr. Fran
Harbour,
Civilian Representative
Dept. of Public/Int’l Affairs
LCDR Dale
Bateman,
USCG Representative
Department of Humanities
(DH)
US
Captain
Director, Character
Development
Colonel
Kenneth Strain, Canadian Forces Representative
Director of Defence Ethics,
NDHQ CRS
MGen Pearkes Bldg
101 Colonel By drive
Lieutenant
Colonel Michael Campbell, USMC Representative
In
the meeting the board made several decisions.
1) We decided to continue the undergraduate
panel and to allow undergraduates to submit papers to a separate undergraduate
category or submit them in the open category.
We further decided that an undergraduate paper submitted in the open
category but rejected would automatically get consideration for the
undergraduate category. We decided that
undergraduates must have a faculty sponsor who guides them in the composition
of their papers. To encourage more undergraduate
submissions, it was decided that the Call for Papers (CFP) must go out by
April.
2) We decided to initiate a pilot Special
Interest Group (SIG) panel on Intelligence Ethics. MAJ William Casebeer will take the lead on
this initiative and will coordinate with LTC Zupan on the CFP.
3) We decided to have two submission dates for
papers. The first/early date will be for
proposals. The second will be for full
papers. The intent is to reduce the
possibility that someone have a proposal approved yet fail to submit a paper,
which has happened in the past. We want
to insure papers are complete and on the web prior to the beginning of the
conference.
4) Upon consultation with a lawyer, we concluded
that our legal status is as an unincorporated association.
5) We decided to investigate the possibility of
publishing our proceedings.
6) At the request of Allen Howes, we concurred
that we would send a letter of invitation to the
7) We agreed to continue to offer a reduced
registration fee to undergraduates.
8) We agreed that service representatives would
contact their respective ROTC programs of colleges in the D.C. area in an
effort to encourage greater undergraduate participation.
As a review:
Harbour’s term ends in ‘05
Strain’s term ends TBD
Zupan’s term ends in ‘06
Schoultz’s term ends in ‘05
We want to thank Captain Bob
Ayer and Lieutenant Colonel Gary Slyman for all their hard work, commitment,
and professionalism while they served on the Executive Committee. We also want to give a special thanks to
Colonel Anthony Hartle who served for many years as chairman of JSCOPE and most
recently as the U.S. Army representative.
He is retiring after forty years of commissioned service.
JSCOPE 2005
will occur January 27-28 in the same hotel.
“Current Ethical Issues Affecting the Military Profession" will
continue as a perennial theme, suitable for papers, but the special topic for
next year will be:
Preemptive War
The Call for Papers
for JSCOPE 2005 will include details about the topic and paper submission
requirements.
SPECIAL NOTES
The papers
presented this year, notable in their quality, were also impressive in their
scope. The authors merit special credit
for their contributions to the continuing dialogue on professional ethics, and
we owe a special thanks to Dr. Carl Ficarrotta, US Air Force Academy, who
served as the Program Chair for 2004.
Dr. Ficarrotta also maintains the JSCOPE web site at (http://www.usafa.edu/isme).
JSCOPE remains the only long-standing international
forum for the exchange of ideas concerning the conduct and character of men and
women in uniform and the development of professional military ethics. JSCOPE’s
success results entirely from the efforts of those who participate so
effectively each year as authors and conference participants. The members of the Board thank you for your
insight and your professionalism.